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Return to: A Causal Problem for Consequentialism

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Scott

Re: A Causal Problem for Consequentialism

May 16th, 2012, 1:52 pm

If the consequentialist says, "You are morally responsible for your the causal consequences of your actions (or inactions)", my response is what do you mean by "morally"? If the consequentialist says, "In situation Y when choosing between A which would lead to X or B which would lead to Z, one ought to choose A", then I would respond what do you mean by "ought"? The same goes for other morals terms like immoral, unethical, duty and should. I think at best these words are equivocal, referring to any one of numerous possible things that could be more clearly described amorally. Alternatively, they may refer to some vague mystical claim regarding some insentient valuing system apparently exiting on some other realm of metaphysical existence -- nothing I see any reason to believe. My objections here apply not only to consequentialism but to all moral claims.

However, in amoral terms, I think in situations in which people do things that we feel some need to make judgements, such as a corporation setting policies for its employees or members of a political democracy creating laws which they will violently enforce, then we generally find it necessary and most effective to use methods amorally corresponding to all classifications of so-called moral theories: consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics. For example, in the legal system of most countries today such as the USA, for a person to be convicted of a crime they must (1) break a strict rule (i.e. law) to do or not do something specific which I think corresponds to deontology, (2) in court, prosecution must show the actus reus which I think corresponds to consequentialism, and (3) in court, prosecution must show the mens rea and intent which I think corresponds to virtue ethics. In practice, we make judgements based on all 3 ways.

Normative moral claims seem to claim there is some other mystical objective way in which things actually are valued or matter and that only one of those three forms of such judgement (or some other form of amoral judgement) matters in that mystical objective way. Other times when people use the moral terms equivocally to refer to things that can be described more clearly with amoral terms, they may simply be using the terms to refer to a specific form of action, but in such case there is no debate about whether morality is consequential or deontological rather it is simply a matter of equivocation like using the word lightness to refer to non-heaviness as opposed to non-darkness.
Scott

Re: A Causal Problem for Consequentialism

May 16th, 2012, 4:02 pm

Ophiuchus wrote:
Scott wrote:Normative moral claims seem to claim there is some other mystical objective way in which things actually are valued or matter and that only one of those three forms of such judgement (or some other form of amoral judgement) matters in that mystical objective way.

I am actually rather divided on this issue. I certainly do not think that morality refers to, as you say, "some mystical objective way in which things actually are valued". I think that when we say "when you robbed that store, you did a bad thing", we are really just saying "I experienced a certain emotion called "immorality" when I considered the fact that you robbed that store". This is the emotivism that Ayer advocated, and although I think it is basically true, I still find that as long as we define certain axioms such as "the most ethical action is the one which maximized pleasure in the world" and "an unethical action is one which causes you to feel a certain emotion when you consider that action", we do get rather coherent language that works in its own logical framework. So, I think that the line between amoralism and noncognitivism is not really all that clear.

Yes, that is one of the things that equivocal moral terms can refer in which I do believe (i.e. emotions), but that isn't normative or prescriptive then. To say you feel an unpleasant or off-putting emotion when someone does something such as robbery is descriptive not specially prescriptive.

Return to: A Causal Problem for Consequentialism

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