Free-Will and Causality - Can there be both?

Discuss any topics related to metaphysics (the philosophical study of the principles of reality) or epistemology (the philosophical study of knowledge) in this forum.
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RJG
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Re: Free-Will and Causality - Can there be both?

Post by RJG »

Mcdoodle wrote:
RJG wrote: I see this from the opposite view. All I see around me is causality. Causality appears to be our default reality. I am searching for anything that might justify free-will, other than the 'feeling' that it exists. Advocates of free-will need only to demonstrate a single free-will event.
I read your post and I consider different options: ignore it because our ideas may never meet; go away and think about it; or provide a quick instant response.

I settle on the third option.

This is my example of a free-will event.
:D good response (made me chuckle). Although I enjoyed your response, this is not an example of free-will, this was a purely causal response. You, in fact, had NO choice but to say "I settle on the third option" (--yes, I know this sounds strange).

If you are willing to explore and look deeper at this and allow me to ask you questions that you answer honestly, I think I can make my point. If you are game, then question #1 is, WHY did you say this ("I settle on the third option")?
Mcdoodle
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Re: Free-Will and Causality - Can there be both?

Post by Mcdoodle »

I'm game for this. Concrete examples help sometimes anyway, because sometimes people are misunderstanding each other's nomenclature.

The answer is, I don't know why I settled on the third response. Afterwards I thought I should have hunted more clearly for a reason to justify one response rather than another, but by then it was too late.
Belinda
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Re: Free-Will and Causality - Can there be both?

Post by Belinda »

McDoodle wrote in response to me:
Well, we're both idly speculating here. But I don't really see that your model is likely to be right. Most versions of free will would replace some of the ostensible external causes with simple acts of 'will', surely? Indeed, in extremis I can imagine a one- sentence Sartreian version, 'This is the song I wrote, listen to it, I had no choice but the cursed freedom to write it.'
The Sartrean choice is a choice, it isn't the same as FreeWill. We all , determinisits and Free will believers alike,are forced to choose and none of us,determinists and Free Will believers alike, can predict the future except by the chancy process of induction. Free Will if it existed could override any or all of the mental causes of a choice , (although few Free Willl believers would allow that free Will can override physical causes of a choice such as broken bones , sexual hormones or hand cuffs) .i.e. memory, reason, peer pressures, authorities, cultural beliefs, indoctrinations and knowledge could each be subservient to the Free Will choice, if there were such thing.
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Schaps
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Re: Free-Will and Causality - Can there be both?

Post by Schaps »

I fail to see where there is a problem about "free will". The explanations of the concept depend to a large extent on whether the questioner is an atheist or a theist. If an atheist, then certainly he/she would be able to say without any hesitation that they have complete freedom of choice within the limits of those choices/options that are available, or which can be created by that person. If a theist, it is usually held that God is omnipotent and determines everything that happens (e.g., the exact time and place that a leaf will fall) - Divine Providence. In that case, "free will" is limited to being able to choose between actions that will have either a "good" or a "bad" outcome. God still exercises His Providential power in that the action itself will or will not occur regardless of the choice that the individual makes, but the individual is held accountable for the free will choice that was made.
Mcdoodle
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Re: Free-Will and Causality - Can there be both?

Post by Mcdoodle »

Belinda wrote:McDoodle wrote in response to me:
Well, we're both idly speculating here. But I don't really see that your model is likely to be right. Most versions of free will would replace some of the ostensible external causes with simple acts of 'will', surely? Indeed, in extremis I can imagine a one- sentence Sartreian version, 'This is the song I wrote, listen to it, I had no choice but the cursed freedom to write it.'
The Sartrean choice is a choice, it isn't the same as FreeWill. We all , determinisits and Free will believers alike,are forced to choose and none of us,determinists and Free Will believers alike, can predict the future except by the chancy process of induction. Free Will if it existed could override any or all of the mental causes of a choice , (although few Free Willl believers would allow that free Will can override physical causes of a choice such as broken bones , sexual hormones or hand cuffs) .i.e. memory, reason, peer pressures, authorities, cultural beliefs, indoctrinations and knowledge could each be subservient to the Free Will choice, if there were such thing.
I'm sorry if I was imprecise, I was only referring to your model of the simplicity or complexity of explanation - and therefore the relevance of Occam's razor - in saying 'I don't really see that your model is likely to be right'. I feel your answer here suggests that a free will explanation, if free will existed, could indeed be simpler than a causal explanation, since it would have no need to go into the potential causes, simply saying that whatever they were it, it chose - I choose - to override them.
H2ouse
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Re: Free-Will and Causality - Can there be both?

Post by H2ouse »

Rockturnal wrote:
Belinda wrote:Rockturnal wrote:
This is not my argument against Free Will. my argument is not that Free Will events are rare it is that Free Will events are not material events. Material events are events that are caused by other events either going back in time, or contemporary.This covers every event in nature. Free Will events, and God, if they are to exist, exist outside of nature. Both God and Free Will events are self caused. Nothing in nature is self caused, except possibly some subatomic events. We can for the time being dismiss those because our choices are conducted within the more macro world that we inhabit.
Perhaps you are mistaken. That quote; I never wrote that.

You are looking for H2ouse; they wrote that.
Yup, guilty as charged, I wrote it. Itappeared to be from Rockturnal because he was commenting on my post, and unfortunately wrote his comment in a scarcely visible color, at least for my browser

This forum is continuing to boil with interesting arguments, but for now I'd like to respond to what you said, Belinda. I was interpreting another statement you made earlier:
I certainly think of Free Will as an entity, which is precisely why I do not believe in it. If Free Will existed it would be the only entity, besides transcendent God, that is uncaused.
I see now that this is simply a restatement of what you said before, when you used the word event, instead of entity. I believe you took my earlier use of the word 'entity' in its broadest meaning, as a definable thing, which, as you pointed out earlier, is less specific than the word event.

Instead, my intention in the posting you quoted was to use entity to mean 'being', which was why I also included the term agent in that sentence. To me, being (in this sense) is quite different from an event. It refers to the subjective sense or existence possessed I believe by all humans and perhaps some animals as well (and by God??). As such, at least for us mortals, it appears subjectively to include both consciousness and free-will, with free-will enabling the entity to act as an agent and cause an event. Thus an entity, by my definition, is completely different from an event. OK, events can be caused by other events, which may be caused by other events and so on ad infinitum. But I'm asserting that events may also be caused by entities, and entities may not require a 'cause' in the same way. Not having a cause would therefore not be a reason for rejecting their existence.

If free-will is associated with entities/agents rather than events, then I would take the term 'free-will event' to mean an event (meaning a material event) caused by the free-will of an agent, explaining perhaps the idea of events occurring because of contemporary causes rather than all being pre-determined by the past. Of course, we might say that we took a major action of our own free-will; but this should probably be broken down into minute chained steps, with free-will causing ripples in our brain molecules which lead to changing muscle potentials which lead to movement etc. etc. The key point would at the start of those 'brain ripples': do they appear to be caused by other material phenomena -- or do they seem to be spontaneously generated?

I'm sure that there are very many brain ripples that lead to action which are caused only by hormones that come from instinctive reflexes, and many that are caused by or controlled by the potentials in other brain cells. But I still think it's possible that many such brain events, and thus material actions in the world, might be caused and/or controlled by this apparent source of agency described as free-will.

Finally, a quick comment on RHG's comment that he is
... searching for anything that might justify free-will, other than the 'feeling' that it exists.
Please consider that the "'feeling' that it exists" is something that could be important, and needs to be properly explained before the free-will position can be fully rejected.

Our awareness of the possible existence of free-will is subjective -- but then again, so is our awareness of the possible existence of the material world.
The architectures of human languages probably contain more understanding of the universe than all the ideas of science and philosophy combined.
Xris
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Re: Free-Will and Causality - Can there be both?

Post by Xris »

Schaps wrote:I fail to see where there is a problem about "free will". The explanations of the concept depend to a large extent on whether the questioner is an atheist or a theist. If an atheist, then certainly he/she would be able to say without any hesitation that they have complete freedom of choice within the limits of those choices/options that are available, or which can be created by that person. If a theist, it is usually held that God is omnipotent and determines everything that happens (e.g., the exact time and place that a leaf will fall) - Divine Providence. In that case, "free will" is limited to being able to choose between actions that will have either a "good" or a "bad" outcome. God still exercises His Providential power in that the action itself will or will not occur regardless of the choice that the individual makes, but the individual is held accountable for the free will choice that was made.
I'm with you, Schaps, perfect free will is an illusion but we are, I hope, speaking of free will in human terms. In human terms we have free will. Influences, upbringing play there part in our ability to exert our will and it has to. To have "perfect will" would require us having no information no experiences or influences. We would then not be capable of exerting our will because we would have none to exert. You require information, experience, an opinion to practice free will.
JSunya
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Re: Free-Will and Causality - Can there be both?

Post by JSunya »

I see "choices" and "choosing". But I do not see "choosers"--just like I see lightening and thunder but no Thor.

-- Updated May 25th, 2012, 3:22 pm to add the following --

I see "choices" and "choosing". But I do not see "choosers"--just like I see lightening and thunder but no Thor.
Xris
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Re: Free-Will and Causality - Can there be both?

Post by Xris »

JSunya wrote:I see "choices" and "choosing". But I do not see "choosers"--just like I see lightening and thunder but no Thor.

-- Updated May 25th, 2012, 3:22 pm to add the following --

I see "choices" and "choosing". But I do not see "choosers"--just like I see lightening and thunder but no Thor.
A bit strange as a chooser you chose not see.
JSunya
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Re: Free-Will and Causality - Can there be both?

Post by JSunya »

I may choose to have or ignore the feeling of being a chooser behind my choices, and to report this to you, but I think I said that there are choices and choosing but no chooser. Is that what you responded to? Please don't tell me that because my grammer forces me to speak in terms of the subject-predicate form (i.e., "I choose"), I am contradicting "myself."
Belinda
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Re: Free-Will and Causality - Can there be both?

Post by Belinda »

H2ouse wrote:
I'm sure that there are very many brain ripples that lead to action which are caused only by hormones that come from instinctive reflexes, and many that are caused by or controlled by the potentials in other brain cells. But I still think it's possible that many such brain events, and thus material actions in the world, might be caused and/or controlled by this apparent source of agency described as free-will.
And Jsunya wrote:
I see "choices" and "choosing". But I do not see "choosers"--just like I see lightening and thunder but no Thor.
I see the human as agent('Thor') who , depending upon how much or how little he reflects with judgement and knowledge upon his choice is a hub from which effects(the lightening and thunder) flow.

The knowledge and the judgement which any human agent brings to the hub of reflection from which he makes his choice are themselves caused by circumstances beyond the control of the human agent. I mean, for instance, the human agent is born into a family and an educational or religious system that rears him in certain habits of mind, and confer different benefits and knowledge and over which the human agent has no control.

Having said this, I think that the human agent who does bring scientific knowledge, and reason and compassion, into his choices does make freer choices than the human being who does little more than react to stimuli.The former bases his choices upon scientific knowledge, compassion and judgement which are all caused , and not upon Free Will which in the absence of scientific knowledge, compassion and judgement would be of no more value, no freer , than choosing at random. And any input of putative Free Will into the choice would inject that same proportion of randomness into the choice.
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Mcdoodle
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Re: Free-Will and Causality - Can there be both?

Post by Mcdoodle »

Belinda wrote:
Having said this, I think that the human agent who does bring scientific knowledge, and reason and compassion, into his choices does make freer choices than the human being who does little more than react to stimuli....
Personally, Belinda, I think if you concede as much, in the word 'freer', you are accepting free will. If there is a fraction of un-caused-ness (to coin a word!), then surely there is free will? I thought until this moment your position was absolute :) I trust you will elaborate and put me right, from your pov.
Xris
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Re: Free-Will and Causality - Can there be both?

Post by Xris »

I would love to hear or imagine what free will in real terms would look like. Is it a concept that has no value or is it classified as what it appears? Freedom of any description is not truly free in a sense it has restrictions and boundaries. The term free has limited applications.
Mcdoodle
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Re: Free-Will and Causality - Can there be both?

Post by Mcdoodle »

Xris wrote:I would love to hear or imagine what free will in real terms would look like. Is it a concept that has no value or is it classified as what it appears? Freedom of any description is not truly free in a sense it has restrictions and boundaries. The term free has limited applications.
Hume called liberty 'a power of acting or of not acting, according to the determination of the will.' But it has largely been agreed since then that 'free will' requires something more, to associate a sense of moral responsibility with free will.

I like the Fischer distinction, in looking at different potential descriptions, between freewill as 'guidance' - we set ourselves certain guidelines and check our proposed actions against them before action, but don't necessarily micro-manage every instance - and as 'regulation' - we micro-manage every instance.

A key issue for most commentators is the ability to do otherwise. Free will assumes a range of options available to the agent, and that something other than causality strongly influences the choice of option. Harry Frankfurt suggests that something probably uniquely human is that we can reflect on our appetites - we can want something, and want not to want it, and make a judgment between the two wants.

The Stanford Encylcopedia entry (http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/freewill/) can lead to many hours of happy Googling if you're not careful.

I don't think that anyone suggests you have to be 100% free of 'restrictions and boundaries' to express free will, but other views are welcome :)
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RJG
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Re: Free-Will and Causality - Can there be both?

Post by RJG »

Mcdoodle wrote:I'm game for this. Concrete examples help sometimes anyway, because sometimes people are misunderstanding each other's nomenclature.

The answer is, I don't know why I settled on the third response. Afterwards I thought I should have hunted more clearly for a reason to justify one response rather than another, but by then it was too late.
Was it that you don't remember or do you think it was just something that popped in your head?
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